Cold Facts Digital – The go-to place for Cryogenics and Superconductivity

From Second Sound to Music: A Special Composition Inspired by Advanced Physics

CSA Board Chairman, Dr. John Weisend II, and composer M.E. Edgerton present a unique representation of advanced physics with a one-of-a-kind musical arrangement based on data produced from advanced particle accelerators.

Improving Cryogenic Pipes to Reduce Wasted Energy, Money at BRUGG

BRUGG (CSA CSM), a leading cryogenic piping company based in Wunstorf, Germany, engineers pipe systems for various industrial applications while minimizing heat leak and saving resources—monetary and otherwise. Where BRUGG’s low temperature applications are only one part of a larger product portfolio, the vast temperature differences between cryogenic and ambient...

Chart Industries CEO, Jill Evanko, Talks Hydrogen on #hottakeoftheday

On March 22, Jill Evanko, CEO of Chart Industries (CSA CSM) was interviewed by David Ramsden Wood for an episode of the podcast #hottakeoftheday. Listen to David and Jill’s interview here!

MLI Blankets from Web Industries Improve Commercial Space Offerings

Needs for custom-made, space proven components and systems take on added urgency as launch dates proliferate and space facilities around the world hum with activity. Supply partners like Web Industries (CSA CSM) that offer such components can support space initiatives and help space and satellite companies meet ever-tightening launch deadlines....

Young Professionals 2021

Young Professionals 2021 introduces outstanding young professionals (under 40 years of age) who are doing interesting things in cryogenics and superconductivity and who show promise of making a difference in their fields.

Ability Engineering Technology Providing Remote Purifier Commissioning, Improved Industrial Gas Abilities

Prompted by the pandemic’s “new normal,” South Holland IL-based Ability Engineering Technology (AET, CSA CSM) has adopted a remote commissioning procedure in response to the pandemic’s continuously changing directives. AET has adopted a remote, data-based training approach to improve their commissioning abilities and product line.

Latest in Defining Cryogenics

Mixed Refrigerant Cycles

Most cryogenic refrigeration systems, both large scale systems and cryocoolers, use helium as a working fluid. There are a number of advantages to helium, not the least of which is that helium remains a fluid down to the lowest achievable temperatures. In order to freeze helium, pressures of over 20...

Fountain Pumps and He II Phase Separators

Helium II (He II), the second liquid phase of the 4He isotope described in this column in Cold Facts Spring 2010 (http://2csa.us/he2), can be modeled as consisting of two interpenetrating fluids. One, the superfluid component, has zero viscosity and entropy and the other, the normal fluid component, has nonzero viscosity...

Turboexpanders

A vital technology in the refrigerators and liquefiers described in Cold Facts Volume 31 Number 3 is that of turboexpanders. These devices are rotating machines in which the process fluid (e.g., helium) does work against the turboexpander while moving from high pressure to a lower pressure and thus is cooled....

Latest in Cryo Central

Cryogenic Treatment of Materials

F.J. Diekman Controlled Thermal Processing, Inc. info@metal-wear.com Cryogenic Processing (also called cryogenic treatment, and incorrectly “cryogenic tempering”) is a process that uses cryogenic temperatures to modify materials to enhance their performance. Cryogenic Processing involves the slow reduction in temperature of the material to at least -300°F (-185°C) and holding the...

Cryogenics in Space

Peter Kittel University of California-Berkeley pkittel@cal.berkeley.edu Space Cryogenics is the application of cryogenics to space missions. These applications fall into two broad areas, supporting space science missions and supporting the space transportation infrastructure. Science applications: The atmosphere is opaque to much of the electro-magnetic spectrum. In space, the absence of...

Cryosurgery

Review of Cryosurgery Boris Rubinsky, PhD Hebrew University School of Science and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering 78b Ross Building Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904 Israel rubinsky@cs.huji.ac.il as published in Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, August 2000, Vol. 2, pp. 157-187. Abstract: Cryosurgery is a surgical technique that employs freezing...

Liquefied Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas as it relates to the Field of Cryogenics John W. Bonn VJ Systems, LLC johnbonn@vjsystems-lic.com Today the world is looking for a cleaner fuel and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plays a large part in achieving this goal. LNG in a liquid form is at -162°C (-259°F) and...

Latest in Ask the Experts

An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank

Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...

Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks

When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...

Separated layers of ice over a pipe

I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?

Using nitrogen as a cryogen

Is it possible to achieve -200˚C using nitrogen as a cryogen?

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