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SLAC Researchers Use Cryo-EM to Discover Giant Cavity in Key Tuberculosis Molecule

Researchers from the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory using Cryo-EM technology have discovered a strange new feature of a protein that’s thought to be important in the treatment of tuberculosis. The protein contains a highly unusual “huge” interior pocket that appears capable of passing a wide range of...

Champaign-Urbana MTD Purchases Two Hydrogen Buses

The Champaign-Urbana Illinois Mass Transit District (MTD), has ordered two hydrogen fuel cell buses from New Flyer of America. The contract calls for New Flyer to supply two hydrogen fuel cell electric sixty-foot Xcelsior CHARGE H2™ heavy duty transit buses in the Champaign, Urbana and Savoy regions of the state....

Infertile Cancer Survivor Gives Birth Using Frozen, Lab-Matured Egg in Scientific ‘Breakthrough’

In a world first, a French woman has given birth after freezing, thawing and fertilizing her immature eggs in a procedure called in vitro maturation, according to a study published in the journal Annals of Oncology. Doctors say this development "is particularly important for cancer patients, but it’s also a...

Quantum Design and Sumitomo Cryogenics of America Announce Collaboration with Helium Compressor

Developed jointly by Quantum Design and SHI Cryogenics (CSA CSMs), the new R-98 double inverter-driven helium compressor, the first in SHI’s new Revolution™ Series, is compatible with a range of their Gifford-McMahon and Pulse Tube two-stage cryocoolers. It represents the latest in “energy smart” helium compressors that reduce the operating...

Grand Opening Soon: ITER’s Cryostat Base

The first cryostat is being installed at the ITER Tokamak pit for the French fusion project at Saint-Paul-les-Durance. The cryostat base, part of the insulating vessel that encases the ITER Tokamak, is the heaviest of all the machine's components. As the first of four cryostat sections to be lowered into...

Closely Spaced Hydrogen Atoms Could Facilitate Superconductivity in Ambient Conditions

An international team of researchers at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (CSA CSM) has discovered the hydrogen atoms in a metal hydride material are much more tightly spaced than had been predicted for decades—a feature that could possibly facilitate superconductivity at or near room temperature and pressure....

Latest in Defining Cryogenics

Two-Phase Flows

Two-phase flows are those flows in which there is a mixture of two physical states (solid, liquid or vapor). In cryogenic applications, such flows are almost always a mixture of a cryogenic liquid along with its corresponding vapor. A mixture of liquid helium and helium vapor would be a typical...

Supercritical Fluids

A supercritical fluid is defined as a substance whose temperature and pressure exceed those of its critical point. Every pure substance has a critical point that is defined in thermodynamic space by a critical temperature and a corresponding critical pressure. For example, the critical point for helium has a critical...

Brayton Cycle

The Brayton cycle is one of the many thermodynamic cycles used to generate cooling at cryogenic temperatures. Strictly speaking, when referring to cooling we should call this the reverse Brayton cycle as the original Brayton cycle describes the process of power generation or propulsion via a gas turbine. In many...

Latest in Cryo Central

Cryogenic Treatment of Materials

F.J. Diekman Controlled Thermal Processing, Inc. info@metal-wear.com Cryogenic Processing (also called cryogenic treatment, and incorrectly “cryogenic tempering”) is a process that uses cryogenic temperatures to modify materials to enhance their performance. Cryogenic Processing involves the slow reduction in temperature of the material to at least -300°F (-185°C) and holding the...

Cryogenics in Space

Peter Kittel University of California-Berkeley pkittel@cal.berkeley.edu Space Cryogenics is the application of cryogenics to space missions. These applications fall into two broad areas, supporting space science missions and supporting the space transportation infrastructure. Science applications: The atmosphere is opaque to much of the electro-magnetic spectrum. In space, the absence of...

Cryosurgery

Review of Cryosurgery Boris Rubinsky, PhD Hebrew University School of Science and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering 78b Ross Building Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904 Israel rubinsky@cs.huji.ac.il as published in Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, August 2000, Vol. 2, pp. 157-187. Abstract: Cryosurgery is a surgical technique that employs freezing...

Liquefied Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas as it relates to the Field of Cryogenics John W. Bonn VJ Systems, LLC johnbonn@vjsystems-lic.com Today the world is looking for a cleaner fuel and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plays a large part in achieving this goal. LNG in a liquid form is at -162°C (-259°F) and...

Latest in Ask the Experts

An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank

Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...

Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks

When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...

Separated layers of ice over a pipe

I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?

Using nitrogen as a cryogen

Is it possible to achieve -200˚C using nitrogen as a cryogen?

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