The Language of Physics, According to Symmetry
Luminosity, quintessence, damping, oh my! Word fans rejoice, Symmetry has published another list of 10 common words that take on a new meaning when spoken by scientists.
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Altus Midstream Announces First Cryogenic Processing Train in Service at Texas Complex
Altus Midstream introduced the first of its three new cryogenic processing trains at the Diamond Cryo Complex in Alpine High TX. It is now processing rich natural gas and delivering natural gas liquids (NGLs) and residue gas for sale.
Department of Energy Announces $75 Million for High-Energy Physics Research
The US Department of Energy recently announced grants of $75 million in funding for 66 university research awards. The projects involve scientists at 51 US institutions of higher learning and include both experimental and theoretical research into topics like the Higgs boson, neutrinos, dark matter, dark energy and the search...
Blue Origin Test-Fires Moon Lander Engines
Blue Origin recently fired up a brand-new engine, the BE-7, which the company developed for its future moon lander. Founder and CEO Jeff Bezos claims the lander, equipped with the BE-7, will be capable of carrying robotic rovers to the moon or even a separate spacecraft that can take off...
Air Liquide Signs Two Long-Term Oxygen Supply Agreements with Marathon Petroleum Corporation
Air Liquide advanced Technologies (CSA CSM) has signed two long-term supply agreements with Marathon Petroleum Company for a total of up to 900 tons of oxygen per day for Marathon Petroleum’s Refineries on the American Gulf Coast.
Shaw Prize in Astronomy Awarded to Edward Stone
Former Jet Propulsion Laboratory director Edward Stone has been awarded the prestigious Shaw Prize in Astronomy for his leadership in the Voyager project. The Shaw Prize is awarded annually in three categories: Astronomy, Life Science and Medicine, and Mathematical Sciences, and comes with a monetary prize of $1.2 million. Stone...
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Two-Phase Flows
Two-phase flows are those flows in which there is a mixture of two physical states (solid, liquid or vapor). In cryogenic applications, such flows are almost always a mixture of a cryogenic liquid along with its corresponding vapor. A mixture of liquid helium and helium vapor would be a typical...
Supercritical Fluids
A supercritical fluid is defined as a substance whose temperature and pressure exceed those of its critical point. Every pure substance has a critical point that is defined in thermodynamic space by a critical temperature and a corresponding critical pressure. For example, the critical point for helium has a critical...
Brayton Cycle
The Brayton cycle is one of the many thermodynamic cycles used to generate cooling at cryogenic temperatures. Strictly speaking, when referring to cooling we should call this the reverse Brayton cycle as the original Brayton cycle describes the process of power generation or propulsion via a gas turbine. In many...
Cryogenic Treatment of Materials
F.J. Diekman Controlled Thermal Processing, Inc. info@metal-wear.com Cryogenic Processing (also called cryogenic treatment, and incorrectly “cryogenic tempering”) is a process that uses cryogenic temperatures to modify materials to enhance their performance. Cryogenic Processing involves the slow reduction in temperature of the material to at least -300°F (-185°C) and holding the...
Cryogenics in Space
Peter Kittel University of California-Berkeley pkittel@cal.berkeley.edu Space Cryogenics is the application of cryogenics to space missions. These applications fall into two broad areas, supporting space science missions and supporting the space transportation infrastructure. Science applications: The atmosphere is opaque to much of the electro-magnetic spectrum. In space, the absence of...
Cryosurgery
Review of Cryosurgery Boris Rubinsky, PhD Hebrew University School of Science and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering 78b Ross Building Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904 Israel rubinsky@cs.huji.ac.il as published in Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, August 2000, Vol. 2, pp. 157-187. Abstract: Cryosurgery is a surgical technique that employs freezing...
Liquefied Natural Gas
Liquefied Natural Gas as it relates to the Field of Cryogenics John W. Bonn VJ Systems, LLC johnbonn@vjsystems-lic.com Today the world is looking for a cleaner fuel and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plays a large part in achieving this goal. LNG in a liquid form is at -162°C (-259°F) and...
An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank
Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...
Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks
When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...
Separated layers of ice over a pipe
I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?