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Manufacturers Complete Cryogenic Tank Delivery to ITER

European manufacturers have delivered the last of the 11 cryogenic tanks contracted for the cryoplant at ITER. The manufacturing of all components was undertaken by Air Liquide advanced Technologies (CSA CSM) and its subcontractors, while logistics were handled by DAHER. The ITER fusion machine will require a massive refrigerator to...

Celebrate Dark Matter Day

On October 31, 2017, institutions worldwide will celebrate Dark Matter Day with events highlighting the experiments that could bring us closer to solving the cosmic riddle of dark matter. The Interactions Collaboration, an international community of particle physics communication specialists, is the celebration's sponsor. Information on local events is available...

MagLab Awarded DOE Grant to Develop New SRF Cavities

The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (MagLab, CSA CSM) is playing a role in a nationwide effort to make human-scale particle accelerators for a host of applications. And now, with a $1 million grant from the US Department of Energy, scientists at the lab's Applied Superconductivity Center (ASC) are developing...

Advancing Tissue Engineering with 3-D Cryoprinting

The importance of additive manufacturing (AM) and 3-D printing has increased in almost every field of engineering, including biomedical engineering, a field where researchers are advancing applications such as 3-D cryoprinting. The technology is poised to develop into an important step in tissue engineering as it can produce biological tissues...

NASA Awards Funding to Support Professional Development Programs for STEM Educators

NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland has awarded approximately $125,000 to schools and organizations to launch professional development programs for science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) educators. The award is intended to strengthen STEM programs for K-12 teachers across Ohio through the use of NASA content. The grant also includes...

Quantum Data Takes a Ride on Sound Waves

Yale scientists have created a device that uses sound waves to store quantum information and convert it from one form to another, all inside a single integrated chip. The device allows a superconducting artificial atom, or qubit, to exchange energy and quantum information with a high-frequency bulk acoustic wave resonator....

Latest in Defining Cryogenics

Two-Phase Flows

Two-phase flows are those flows in which there is a mixture of two physical states (solid, liquid or vapor). In cryogenic applications, such flows are almost always a mixture of a cryogenic liquid along with its corresponding vapor. A mixture of liquid helium and helium vapor would be a typical...

Supercritical Fluids

A supercritical fluid is defined as a substance whose temperature and pressure exceed those of its critical point. Every pure substance has a critical point that is defined in thermodynamic space by a critical temperature and a corresponding critical pressure. For example, the critical point for helium has a critical...

Brayton Cycle

The Brayton cycle is one of the many thermodynamic cycles used to generate cooling at cryogenic temperatures. Strictly speaking, when referring to cooling we should call this the reverse Brayton cycle as the original Brayton cycle describes the process of power generation or propulsion via a gas turbine. In many...

Latest in Cryo Central

Cryogenics in Space

Peter Kittel University of California-Berkeley pkittel@cal.berkeley.edu Space Cryogenics is the application of cryogenics to space missions. These applications fall into two broad areas, supporting space science missions and supporting the space transportation infrastructure. Science applications: The atmosphere is opaque to much of the electro-magnetic spectrum. In space, the absence of...

Cryosurgery

Review of Cryosurgery Boris Rubinsky, PhD Hebrew University School of Science and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering 78b Ross Building Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904 Israel rubinsky@cs.huji.ac.il as published in Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, August 2000, Vol. 2, pp. 157-187. Abstract: Cryosurgery is a surgical technique that employs freezing...

Liquefied Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas as it relates to the Field of Cryogenics John W. Bonn VJ Systems, LLC johnbonn@vjsystems-lic.com Today the world is looking for a cleaner fuel and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plays a large part in achieving this goal. LNG in a liquid form is at -162°C (-259°F) and...

Food Processing

Cryogenics and Food The industrial gas industry provides a host of products and services related to food. The various gases have useful and sometimes fascinating applications in food industry. “The food industry is not a homogenous industry. The needs of customers processing hamburger vs. poultry vs. strawberries vs. seafood, for...

Latest in Ask the Experts

An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank

Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...

Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks

When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...

Separated layers of ice over a pipe

I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?

Using nitrogen as a cryogen

Is it possible to achieve -200˚C using nitrogen as a cryogen?

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