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IIT Kanpur Researchers Unravel Key Drug Target Receptor for Cancer and Respiratory Disease Treatments

A team of researchers from the Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, have successfully visualized the atomic structure of CXCR2, a key human receptor involved in cancer progression and respiratory disorders. This discovery, published in the prestigious journal Molecular Cell, paves the way for...

Vacuum pumps like never before… in LEGO® Form!

Vacuum technology is essential to the modern world—especially for fields like cryogenics, semiconductor manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and environmental engineering. Yet for all their significance, vacuum pumps are rarely seen outside of labs and industrial settings. Now, Leybold is taking a novel approach to spotlighting these critical machines—by turning them into LEGO®...

Jefferson Lab Dedicates Niobium-Tin Particle Accelerator Prototype

More than 30 of the world’s most advanced particle accelerators rely on one technology: superconducting radio-frequency (SRF). This technology, typically powered by pure niobium metal, has seen recent advancements with the introduction of niobium-tin alloys, which promise greater efficiency. The US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility...

Vacuum Barrier Corporation Enhances Customer Support Through Field Service Evolution

Vacuum Barrier Corporation (VBC) has long been recognized for its commitment to excellence in cryogenic systems and liquid nitrogen (LN2) solutions. Recently, the company has made significant strides in bolstering its customer support by establishing a dedicated department for reliability and technical support. Dana Muse, Reliability and Technical Support Manager,...

Argonne Empowers Female Energy Leaders

Argonne National Laboratory (CSA CSM) recently hosted 12 women leaders from Net Zero World partner countries for a two-week training program under the Climate Smart Women Energy Leaders (CSWEL) initiative. In collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Net Zero World Initiative, the program aimed to equip participants with...

Honoring This Year’s Women in Cryo 2025

The Cryogenic Society of America and Cold Facts celebrates distinguished women who embody the expertise and drive that is putting cryogenics and superconductivity at the forefront of energy, aerospace, quantum, and myriad other fields of industry. Congratulations! Iqra Azam Vera Hansper Jennifer Hennis Tamanna Joshi Nora Juhasz Susan Magi Kayla Rajsky Tara...

Latest in Defining Cryogenics

Stability

Stability refers to the ability of a device employing superconductors to remain in its superconducting state after part of the superconductor transitions back to its normal conducting state due to a disturbance. While the concept can apply to many superconducting devices—transmission lines, generators, motors, etc.—it is most commonly considered in...

Cable-in-Conduit Conductors

Cable-in-Conduit Conductors (CICC) are a common form of superconducting cable used in large-scale applications. There are several varieties of CICCs, but they all consist of many small, stabilized superconducting wires contained within a conduit through which a coolant (typically supercritical He II) flows. Figure 1 shows the cross section of...

Bayonet Coupling

A bayonet coupling is a demountable joint that allows for quick and easy connection and disconnection of cryogenic components, including transfer lines, cryostats, liquefiers and refrigerators. Bayonets provide a number of advantages, chief among them the ability to connect and disconnect the bayonets while components they connect are still at...

Latest in Cryo Central

Cryogenic Treatment of Materials

F.J. Diekman Controlled Thermal Processing, Inc. info@metal-wear.com Cryogenic Processing (also called cryogenic treatment, and incorrectly “cryogenic tempering”) is a process that uses cryogenic temperatures to modify materials to enhance their performance. Cryogenic Processing involves the slow reduction in temperature of the material to at least -300°F (-185°C) and holding the...

Cryogenics in Space

Peter Kittel University of California-Berkeley pkittel@cal.berkeley.edu Space Cryogenics is the application of cryogenics to space missions. These applications fall into two broad areas, supporting space science missions and supporting the space transportation infrastructure. Science applications: The atmosphere is opaque to much of the electro-magnetic spectrum. In space, the absence of...

Cryosurgery

Review of Cryosurgery Boris Rubinsky, PhD Hebrew University School of Science and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering 78b Ross Building Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904 Israel rubinsky@cs.huji.ac.il as published in Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, August 2000, Vol. 2, pp. 157-187. Abstract: Cryosurgery is a surgical technique that employs freezing...

Liquefied Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas as it relates to the Field of Cryogenics John W. Bonn VJ Systems, LLC johnbonn@vjsystems-lic.com Today the world is looking for a cleaner fuel and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plays a large part in achieving this goal. LNG in a liquid form is at -162°C (-259°F) and...

Latest in Ask the Experts

An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank

Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...

Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks

When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...

Separated layers of ice over a pipe

I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?

Using nitrogen as a cryogen

Is it possible to achieve -200˚C using nitrogen as a cryogen?

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