Cold Facts Digital – Page 63 – The go-to place for Cryogenics and Superconductivity

CERN Events Encourage Next Generation of Women in Science

In physics, as in many other branches of science, there is often a huge gap between the number of men and women. At CERN, for example, only 20 percent of the community are women. In an attempt to encourage and attract more women to choose science—and particularly physics—as a career,...

CSA Mourns Peter Gifford, a Friend, Colleague and Industry Leader

Peter Gifford, longtime leader of Cryomech Inc., has passed away at 69. Gifford was a fixture in the cryogenic community, a dedicated member of CSA and one of the second-generation industry leaders affectionately dubbed the “Cryomafia.” Under Gifford’s leadership, Cryomech has been a longstanding and strong supporter of CSA as...

CSA Mourns Kathryn Meyer

We regret to report the death of Kathryn Meyer, 88, wife of the late Frank Meyer, founder of Meyer Tool and Manufacturing, Inc., and mother to Eileen Cunningham, the company's current president. Her funeral was held on Jan. 28. Memorial contributions to the Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation can...

What I Learned From My Mentors

CSA’s new board members reveal their most influential mentors in “What I Learned From My Mentors,” discussing where they worked together and ways the relationships advanced their careers.

Chart Industries Acquires Hetsco

Chart Industries, Inc. has acquired Hetsco, Inc. in a $22 million deal made through its subsidiary, Chart Lifecycle, Inc. The move, according to a Chart statement, supplements the company's current offerings by bringing a full suite of welding services for industrial gas and gas processing facilities including mission critical repair,...

Toward a Standardized ODH Analysis Technique

Standardization of ODH analysis and mitigation policy thus represents an opportunity for the cryogenic community. There are several benefits for industry and government facilities to develop an applicable unified standard for ODH. The number of reviewers would increase, and review projects across different facilities would be simpler. It would also...

Latest in Defining Cryogenics

Joule-Thomson Effect

The Joule-Thomson (JT) effect is a thermodynamic process that occurs when a fluid expands from high pressure to low pressure at constant enthalpy (an isenthalpic process). Such a process can be approximated in the real world by expanding a fluid from high pressure to low pressure across a valve. Under...

Current Leads

One of the challenges of using superconducting magnets is the connection of the magnet to a room temperature power supply. This is accomplished via current leads. The trick is that current leads should ideally have a low heat leak, since they connect room temperature to cryogenic temperature, while at the...

Multilayer Insulation

Multilayer insulation (also referred to as superinsulation) is a key component in the reduction of heat leak to cryogenic systems due to thermal radiation. MLI consists of a series of uncooled reflective surfaces placed in the vacuum space between two surfaces, one warmer than the other. Generally speaking, for ideal...

Latest in Cryo Central

History of Cryogenics

From the Fall 1999 issue of Cold Facts magazine Millennium Breakthroughs A variety of CSA members give different perspectives on the past millennium: What were the most significant breakthroughs in cryogenics during the past millennium? Prof. R.G. Scurlock, Kryos Technology, scurlock@soton.ac.uk (“Breakthrough” = way through obstacles — Oxford English Dictionary)...

Cryobiology

Andreas Sputtek Past President Society for Cryobiology sputtek@uke.uni-hamburg.de or http://www.sputtek.de/. The word cryobiology (from the Greek words “cryo” = cold, “bios” = life, and “logos” = science) literally signifies the science of life at low temperatures. In practice, this field comprises the study of any biological material or system (e.g.,...

Cryogenic Insulation

James E. Fesmire Cryogenics Test Laboratory NASA Kennedy Space Center james.e.fesmire@nasa.gov Introduction In today’s world, the use of cryogenics and low-temperature refrigeration is taking a more and more significant role. From the food industry, transportation, energy, and medical applications to the Space Shuttle, cryogenic liquids must be stored, handled, and...

Cryogenic Treatment of Materials

F.J. Diekman Controlled Thermal Processing, Inc. info@metal-wear.com Cryogenic Processing (also called cryogenic treatment, and incorrectly “cryogenic tempering”) is a process that uses cryogenic temperatures to modify materials to enhance their performance. Cryogenic Processing involves the slow reduction in temperature of the material to at least -300°F (-185°C) and holding the...

Latest in Ask the Experts

An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank

Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...

Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks

When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...

Separated layers of ice over a pipe

I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?

Using nitrogen as a cryogen

Is it possible to achieve -200˚C using nitrogen as a cryogen?

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