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Once complete, ITER will run fusion experiments using five times as much plasma as the largest reactors in operation today.

5,500 Superconducting Wires Survive Intense Testing for World’s Largest Fusion Reactor

By Gayoung Lee  Stakeholders around the world are vying to realize nuclear fusion—a fossil fuel alternative that promises maximum energy generation with minimal environmental risk. Behind the efforts to build the world’s largest fusion reactor is an equally gigantic global collaboration: ITER, which has just announced a major advance in its quest...

The Future Is Frozen: How Cryogenics Is Redefining Food Innovation

  By Douglas Hoon By Douglas Hoon, CTO and Co-Founder, Cometeer, Inc  Key takeaways: Once relegated to the cold backrooms of industrial storage, cryogenics is now stepping into the spotlight as one of the most promising frontiers in food innovation. Long seen as a basic preservation tool, freezing is being reimagined—not...
Curved SC magnets. Center: NIMMS gantry. Right: SC gantry with 360° rotation. Credit: Authors

50 Years of Cryogenic Magnet Technology in Biomedical Study and Use

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Recertification and retesting performed across trusted valve brands in the industry. Credit: Ratermann Manufacturing

Ratermann Keeps Valves and Industry Confidence Flowing

By Jocelyn Navarro, Ratermann Manufacturing For companies working with cryogenic and industrial gas systems, valve failure isn’t just a maintenance issue; it’s a safety risk. Pressure relief valves must operate with precision under intense thermal and mechanical stress. That’s why Ratermann Manufacturing has made valve recertification a central part of...
Infinite Helium flow path and heat diagram. Credit: Lake Shore Cryotronics

Lake Shore Reduces Helium Costs to Maximize Research Efficiency

By Rachael Floyd, Director of Product Management for Cryogenic Systems, Lake Shore Cryotronics The Rising Price of Helium Helium is a nonrenewable resource that is increasingly difficult to obtain reliably. Once released into the atmosphere, it is irretrievable. Limited availability and few sources of production are driving helium prices upward....
Fabrum’s patented pulse tube cryocooler. Credit: Olivia Ross

Fabrum Pioneers the Future of Clean Energy

By Fabrum Communications Team In a world increasingly focused on the pathway to decarbonization, hydrogen and natural gas are critical components in the global transition towards clean fuels. The technology associated with this transition is a major catalyst for driving change and delivering the sustainability outcomes that are required to...

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Helium-3

Helium-3 (3He) is one of the two stable isotopes of helium. The other is the much more common Helium-4 (4He). Neither of these isotopes should be confused with He II, which is the second liquid phase of 4He. He II was discussed in this column in the Spring 2010 edition...

Cryopumping

Cryopumping refers to the use of cryogenic temperatures to produce vacuum in enclosed spaces. More broadly, it can also refer to the removal of gases via cryogenic temperatures from a flow stream or enclosure without necessarily resulting in vacuum pressures. This is an important application of cryogenics and is used...

Thermal Acoustic Oscillations

Thermal Acoustic Oscillations (TAO) are a common event in cryogenic systems that can have significant adverse effects on the performance of the system. TAOs are sustained pressure oscillations that can occur in tubes containing gas, closed at one end (the warm end) that have a very large temperature gradient along...

Air Separation and Liquefaction

by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...

Bose-Einstein Condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...

Cold Technology for Pest Control

While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...

Cryogenic Finishing

The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...

Suppliers of regenerator materials

I was looking for suppliers of regenerator materials. Can you please provide a list of vendors for: • Lead spheres • Bronze screen discs • Rare earth materials and spheres Thank you in advance for any help you can provide.

Containing ice accumulation while recovering helium

We are implementing a system to recover helium from our Janis ST-500 continuous flow LHe cryostat. The recovery system uses standard 1/4″ plastic tubing, which we connect directly to the cryostat’s exhaust port. The problem with this setup is that the gas is still quite cold as it leaves the...