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Cryotreating Strengthens Anti-Embolism Stockings for Cancer Patients

Anti-embolism stockings are designed to promote healthy blood flow and prevent blood clotting. The cost can range from $50 to $200 and they wear out quickly, leading to more expense. To ease the financial burden on cancer patients, Circle City Cryogenics in Indianapolis has developed a cryotreating process that improves...

“Hospital” Preserves Coral with Cryogenics

Researchers at the Taiwan Coral Reef Society have established a biopreservation and treatment center for coral reefs. Analogous to a human hospital, “sick” corals are diagnosed either in situ or in the hospital's diagnostic clinic to determine the cause of the illness. Corals are “treated” and returned to their home...

Containing Hydrogen in a Materials World

The Hydrogen Materials Compatibility Consortium—or H-Mat—is conducting early-stage research to understand how hydrogen affects the polymers and metals used in infrastructure to store, transport, compress and dispense the fuel. The consortium’s goal is to improve the reliability and durability of materials used in hydrogen infrastructure while also identifying alternative, less...

New Plane Can Fly 500 Miles Powered Entirely by Hydrogen

ZeroAvia, the California startup that designed a hydrogen-fueled electric powertrain for a hydrogen-powered six-seat plane, has been testing the technology during the past year to reduce emissions from air travel. With August’s successful flight, it expects to begin supplying the powertrain for planes carrying 20 passengers for up to 500...

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Mixed Refrigerant Cycles

Most cryogenic refrigeration systems, both large scale systems and cryocoolers, use helium as a working fluid. There are a number of advantages to helium, not the least of which is that helium remains a fluid down to the lowest achievable temperatures. In order to freeze helium, pressures of over 20...

Fountain Pumps and He II Phase Separators

Helium II (He II), the second liquid phase of the 4He isotope described in this column in Cold Facts Spring 2010 (http://2csa.us/he2), can be modeled as consisting of two interpenetrating fluids. One, the superfluid component, has zero viscosity and entropy and the other, the normal fluid component, has nonzero viscosity...

Turboexpanders

A vital technology in the refrigerators and liquefiers described in Cold Facts Volume 31 Number 3 is that of turboexpanders. These devices are rotating machines in which the process fluid (e.g., helium) does work against the turboexpander while moving from high pressure to a lower pressure and thus is cooled....

Air Separation and Liquefaction

by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...

Bose-Einstein Condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...

Cold Technology for Pest Control

While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...

Cryogenic Finishing

The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...

An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank

Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...

Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks

When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...