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Northrop Grumman successfully completes spacecraft critical design review for JWST

Northrop Grumman Corporation successfully passed the last significant mission design milestone for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, the spacecraft Critical Design Review (CDR), five months ahead of schedule, following the replan.

16th Intl. Conference on RF Superconductivity held in Paris

Ah, Paris! The City of Lights was the setting for the SRF 2013 conference, held Sept. 22-27. The conference was the latest continuation of a series started in 1980 at Karlsruhe as a small workshop, and has grown to 412 attendees, featuring an exhibition with 20 industrial exhibitors, and offering...

Education in Cryogenics, Superconductivity: Some Updates

The following are some recent updates and additions to the information offered at CSA’s website about educational opportunities in cryogenics and superconductivity, both in classrooms and nontraditional settings, in the US and around the world.

Registration Open for ‘Foundations of Cryocoolers’ Short Course at ICC18

Registration is now open for the “Foundations of Cryocoolers” short course to be held on Monday, June 9, 2014, right before the 18th International Cryocoolers Conference (ICC18). The conference will be held June 9-12 at Syracuse University, Syracuse NY. Conference Chairman is Rich Dausman of Cryomech, Inc. and Co-Chair is...

US Gov’t Shutdown Affects Cryo, Superconductivity

In October, it would have been hard to miss the news of the 16-day US federal government shutdown, even for those located outside of the United States. The shutdown came as a result of Congress’ inability to enact legislation appropriating funds for fiscal year 2014 or to agree on a...

Use of fiberglass in the LNG market

I am doing a bit of market research on the use of fiberglass in the LNG market. What is the type and weave of fiberglass used in LNG manufacturing? Is it used aesthetically or is there an actual technical purpose for the fiberglass, such as insulation? Can you name the...

Latest in Defining Cryogenics

Two-Phase Flows

Two-phase flows are those flows in which there is a mixture of two physical states (solid, liquid or vapor). In cryogenic applications, such flows are almost always a mixture of a cryogenic liquid along with its corresponding vapor. A mixture of liquid helium and helium vapor would be a typical...

Supercritical Fluids

A supercritical fluid is defined as a substance whose temperature and pressure exceed those of its critical point. Every pure substance has a critical point that is defined in thermodynamic space by a critical temperature and a corresponding critical pressure. For example, the critical point for helium has a critical...

Brayton Cycle

The Brayton cycle is one of the many thermodynamic cycles used to generate cooling at cryogenic temperatures. Strictly speaking, when referring to cooling we should call this the reverse Brayton cycle as the original Brayton cycle describes the process of power generation or propulsion via a gas turbine. In many...

Latest in Cryo Central

Cryogenic Treatment of Materials

F.J. Diekman Controlled Thermal Processing, Inc. info@metal-wear.com Cryogenic Processing (also called cryogenic treatment, and incorrectly “cryogenic tempering”) is a process that uses cryogenic temperatures to modify materials to enhance their performance. Cryogenic Processing involves the slow reduction in temperature of the material to at least -300°F (-185°C) and holding the...

Cryogenics in Space

Peter Kittel University of California-Berkeley pkittel@cal.berkeley.edu Space Cryogenics is the application of cryogenics to space missions. These applications fall into two broad areas, supporting space science missions and supporting the space transportation infrastructure. Science applications: The atmosphere is opaque to much of the electro-magnetic spectrum. In space, the absence of...

Cryosurgery

Review of Cryosurgery Boris Rubinsky, PhD Hebrew University School of Science and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering 78b Ross Building Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904 Israel rubinsky@cs.huji.ac.il as published in Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, August 2000, Vol. 2, pp. 157-187. Abstract: Cryosurgery is a surgical technique that employs freezing...

Liquefied Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas as it relates to the Field of Cryogenics John W. Bonn VJ Systems, LLC johnbonn@vjsystems-lic.com Today the world is looking for a cleaner fuel and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plays a large part in achieving this goal. LNG in a liquid form is at -162°C (-259°F) and...

Latest in Ask the Experts

An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank

Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...

Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks

When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...

Separated layers of ice over a pipe

I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?

Using nitrogen as a cryogen

Is it possible to achieve -200˚C using nitrogen as a cryogen?

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