Scientists expand search for light dark matter
After seeing possible hints of surprisingly light dark matter earlier this year, scientists on the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search have found a way to improve their search for such particles.
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XCOR Aerospace and United Launch Alliance hit milestone in liquid hydrogen engine program
XCOR Aerospace and United Launch Alliance have announced significant progress in the XCOR/ULA liquid hydrogen (LH2) engine development program.
Fermilab postdoc wins IEEE Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Award
Dr. Anna Grassellino of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has been awarded the Particle Accelerator Science and Technology Doctoral Student Award. Sponsored by the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society, it is given to individuals who have performed outstanding thesis research in particle accelerator science and technology.
SuperPower wire powers European Union ECCOFLOW
SuperPower Inc., a subsidiary of Furakawa Electric Company of Japan, has announced that it provided the second-generation high temperature superconducting (2G HTS) wire for the European Union (EU) collaboration program, called Project ECCOFLOW, that will demonstrate a new Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) device capable of strengthening and protecting the...
GSA raises per diem for federal travel
The Government Services Administration announced some good news for federal employees: As of October, when government workers travel, their per diem rates will increase slightly—a positive sign for the beleaguered Association and for federal travel as an industry.
Major European scientific organizations to take part in European Researchers’ Night
CERN, ESA, ESO and UNESCO, in partnership with the Italian Institute of Astrophysics (INAF), invite the public to participate in “Origins 2013,” an exceptional event taking place simultaneously in Geneva, Paris and Bologna on European Researchers’ night, Friday, September 27. People from around the world can follow the event live...
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Mixed Refrigerant Cycles
Most cryogenic refrigeration systems, both large scale systems and cryocoolers, use helium as a working fluid. There are a number of advantages to helium, not the least of which is that helium remains a fluid down to the lowest achievable temperatures. In order to freeze helium, pressures of over 20...
Fountain Pumps and He II Phase Separators
Helium II (He II), the second liquid phase of the 4He isotope described in this column in Cold Facts Spring 2010 (http://2csa.us/he2), can be modeled as consisting of two interpenetrating fluids. One, the superfluid component, has zero viscosity and entropy and the other, the normal fluid component, has nonzero viscosity...
Turboexpanders
A vital technology in the refrigerators and liquefiers described in Cold Facts Volume 31 Number 3 is that of turboexpanders. These devices are rotating machines in which the process fluid (e.g., helium) does work against the turboexpander while moving from high pressure to a lower pressure and thus is cooled....
Air Separation and Liquefaction
by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...
Bose-Einstein Condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...
Cold Technology for Pest Control
While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...
Cryogenic Finishing
The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...
Dry ice vs. LN2 for preserving tissue
I was wondering if anyone could provide feedback/data on whether it is best in terms of preserving tissue quality to freeze tissue in OCT using dry ice versus liquid nitrogen?
Are there lists of existing biorepositories?
We are a relatively new Biorepository that was developed as part of a large breast cancer epidemiology study, and thus far we have accumulated DNA on over 8000 women along with extensive questionnaire, mammography, and case status data. I was wondering, are there lists of existing Biorepositories with their contents?...
Heat flux value for inner vessel when vacuum insulation fails
To size a relief valve for a LN2 cryostat I have to know “worse case” boil-off rate when vacuum insulation failed and inner vessel with LN2 is in direct contact with room temperature air at 300K. So, I am looking for a heat flux value (watt/m2) to LN2 inner vessel...
Trying to design a system to store ammonia at -33°C
I am working on a project where we are trying to design a system to store ammonia at -33°C. In order to size the compressors to maintain the ammonia in the liquid state, I need to estimate the heat gained from the environment including the radiation from the sun and...