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Report on ICCR2013 in Hangzhou, China

Held at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, April 6-9, the 5th International Conference on Cryogenics and Refrigeration (ICCR2013) attracted more than 330 participants from 17 nations and areas, with 220 papers presented.

Inside Fermilab’s New Strand and Cable R&D Lab

The mission of the Superconducting Strand and Cable R&D program is to understand and improve scientific and engineering aspects of superconducting strands and cables for accelerator magnets, including dipoles, quadrupoles and solenoids. Since 1998, the lab has also served as the ideal experimental environment for 30 graduate students in physics...

Cold Facts Tours NHMFL, ASC and CAPS

In February of this year, CSA was invited to the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (CSA CSM) at Florida State University to tour its facilities and meet key personnel at the forefront of cryogenic and superconducting technology at the lab. On our tour we were taken behind the scenes to...

Does Cryogenic Electronics Have a Role in Electric Power? 

Electric power systems—whether for electric utilities or on ships, airplanes or automobiles—require electronic power circuitry to change voltage levels and to convert between DC and AC, as well as for controlling power delivery. The use of superconductivity and cryogenics for motors, generators, energy storage and power distribution leads naturally to...

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Helium II

Helium II (He II) refers to the second liquid phase of the most abundant helium isotope (4He). Helium II is also referred to as superfluid helium. Helium II occurs once the temperature of the liquid helium drops below 2.17K. The phase transition between the first liquid phase of Helium (referred...

Air Separation and Liquefaction

by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...

Bose-Einstein Condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...

Cold Technology for Pest Control

While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...

Cryogenic Finishing

The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...

Need help with temperature dependent model

I am a fourth-year student at New Zealand University. My name is Xu Ke. I have a project to generate a temperature dependent model for inductor, capacitor and diode by using PLECS. PLECS is software which acts as a toolbox for MATLAB. In my models, the temperature is very low,...

In what form is water available in LN2?

Does anybody know in what form water is available in LN2? There probably is a block of ice in the bottom of the tank. But as water comes in many shapes, I can imagine snow or crystals floating free in the LN2. When water is available in LN2, could small...

Separating gases using cryogenics

We are looking for some consulting engineers who understand how to separate gases using cryogenics. We have a new process which takes biomass and converts it to 5 gases and we need to separate these gases into their pure forms. Thanks for your help. Malcolm Draper Energy Research Group LLC...