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DOE study: LNG exports to benefit American economy

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has released its study on the economic impacts of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports. DOE’s analysis finds that the US economy will experience “net economic benefits” from allowing increased LNG exports. It found that the natural gas boom has helped create jobs and spur...

Science and engineering students petition Congress: Stop sequestration

Science and engineering students have hand-delivered a petition to the local offices of all US senators and House leaders, requesting that sequestration be halted because it would harm their future as innovators and hurt economic growth in the United States. The students represent numerous scientific societies across the United States,...

Lake Shore issues new model CRX-VF probe station specifications

Lake Shore Cryotronics, a CSA Corporate Sustaining Member, has introduced updated specifications for its Model CRX-VF cryogenic probe station, which features increased maximum magnetic field, improved magnetic field at elevated sample temperatures and improved vacuum performance.

Scientists discover new phi-Josephson junction for use in cryoelectronics

Scientists from the University of Tübingen, Germany, working with colleagues from Tel Aviv University and the University of Kiel, Germany, have proposed [1] and experimentally demonstrated [2] a new type of superconducting element – named the phi-Josephson (?-Josephson) junction. Implemented in cryogenic devices, this element will make superconducting electronic circuits...

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Mixed Refrigerant Cycles

Most cryogenic refrigeration systems, both large scale systems and cryocoolers, use helium as a working fluid. There are a number of advantages to helium, not the least of which is that helium remains a fluid down to the lowest achievable temperatures. In order to freeze helium, pressures of over 20...

Fountain Pumps and He II Phase Separators

Helium II (He II), the second liquid phase of the 4He isotope described in this column in Cold Facts Spring 2010 (http://2csa.us/he2), can be modeled as consisting of two interpenetrating fluids. One, the superfluid component, has zero viscosity and entropy and the other, the normal fluid component, has nonzero viscosity...

Turboexpanders

A vital technology in the refrigerators and liquefiers described in Cold Facts Volume 31 Number 3 is that of turboexpanders. These devices are rotating machines in which the process fluid (e.g., helium) does work against the turboexpander while moving from high pressure to a lower pressure and thus is cooled....

Food Processing

Cryogenics and Food The industrial gas industry provides a host of products and services related to food. The various gases have useful and sometimes fascinating applications in food industry. “The food industry is not a homogenous industry. The needs of customers processing hamburger vs. poultry vs. strawberries vs. seafood, for...

Primary Standards

Elie K. Track Hypres, Inc. elie@hypres.com http://www.hypres.com/ Primary standards involve the exact definition and realization of units of measurement for various quantities, time, length, mass, voltage, resistance, current, etc. International agreements based on the latest scientific knowledge define those units, and their realizations vary depending on the unit itself. For...

Shrink Fitting

Robin A. Rhodes Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Shrink fitting, (or “compression fitting” as it is sometimes called), is a method used to insert a pin or bushing into a housing or other assembly requiring an extremely tight tolerance fit. It can be used as an alternative to...

Telecommunications

From the Winter 2004 issue of Cold Facts magazine The recent M-Calc IV — 4th Industry Assessment workshop discussing military and commercial applications for low-cost cryocoolers, held in November in San Diego, highlighted progress being made in cryogenics as applied in telecommunications. The reliability and long lifetime of projects now...

An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank

Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...

Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks

When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...