AMS experiment departs for ESTEC for testing
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer left CERN on the morning of February 12th, marking the beginning of a journey that will eventually lead to its launch into space.
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Romania to begin 5-year pre-membership to CERN
An agreement was signed on February 11 by Romanian Minister of Education, Research, Youth and Sport, Daniel Petru Funeriu and CERN Director General Rolf Heuer that formally recognizes Romania as a Candidate for Accession to membership of CERN.
Air Products to supply LNG heat exchangers for to Gorgon Project
Air Products has announced that it will supply its proprietary liquefied natural gas (LNG) process technology and equipment to Chevron Australia Pty Ltd for three process trains that will produce up to 15 millions tons of LNG per annum at the Gorgon Project.
“Absolute Zero” TV program wins AIP award
Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold, a TV special that ran on PBS in 2007, has won the Science Writing Award from the American Institute of Physics (AIP).
LHC’s proton collisions point to high number of mesons
A team of researchers from MIT, CERN and the KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics in Budapest, Hungary has completed work on the first scientific paper analyzing the results of collisions at the LHC.
M&I Materials visited by the Prince of Wales
In early February, M&I Materials was visited by the Prince of Wales at their Manchester UK facility.
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Refrigerators and Liquefiers
Two of the most common terms used in cryogenics are “refrigerator” and “liquefier.” These terms describe similar and, as will be seen, in some cases identical components. A refrigerator provides cooling (that is, absorbs heat) at cryogenic temperatures. Refrigerators typically put a working fluid (such as helium) through one of...
Air Separation
Air separation is one of the largest, as well as earliest, industrial applications of cryogenics. In this process, cryogenic temperatures are used to separate air into its constituent gases: nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.95%), argon (0.93%) and carbon dioxide (0.3%). Trace gases such as krypton, neon, xenon and helium total far...
Coefficient of Performance and Figure of Merit
The coefficient of performance (COP) is used to describe the effectiveness of refrigerators, including those operating at cryogenic temperatures. The COP is defined as the amount of heat removed at the cryogenic operating temperature of the refrigerator divided by the amount of work that must be applied to remove the...
Food Processing
Cryogenics and Food The industrial gas industry provides a host of products and services related to food. The various gases have useful and sometimes fascinating applications in food industry. “The food industry is not a homogenous industry. The needs of customers processing hamburger vs. poultry vs. strawberries vs. seafood, for...
Primary Standards
Elie K. Track Hypres, Inc. elie@hypres.com http://www.hypres.com/ Primary standards involve the exact definition and realization of units of measurement for various quantities, time, length, mass, voltage, resistance, current, etc. International agreements based on the latest scientific knowledge define those units, and their realizations vary depending on the unit itself. For...
Shrink Fitting
Robin A. Rhodes Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Shrink fitting, (or “compression fitting” as it is sometimes called), is a method used to insert a pin or bushing into a housing or other assembly requiring an extremely tight tolerance fit. It can be used as an alternative to...
Telecommunications
From the Winter 2004 issue of Cold Facts magazine The recent M-Calc IV — 4th Industry Assessment workshop discussing military and commercial applications for low-cost cryocoolers, held in November in San Diego, highlighted progress being made in cryogenics as applied in telecommunications. The reliability and long lifetime of projects now...
An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank
Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...
Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks
When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...
Separated layers of ice over a pipe
I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?