UK pulls out of ILC
A funding crisis at a leading research council in the UK, The Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), has forced the country to pull out of plans for the International Linear Collider (ILC).
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JLab achieves milestone in construction of $310-Million upgrade
A proposed $310-million project that will double the energy of the electron beam at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) achieved a critical milestone on November 9, 2007, when the Department of Energy approved the project's performance baseline.
LCFOA elects Grimm and Urbin to Board
The Linear Collider Forum of America (LCFOA) has elected Dr. Terry Grimm of Niowave and John Urbin of Linde BOC Process Plants to their Board of Directors. Urbin is a CSA board member and Grimm, a CSA member, received the prestigious Boom award from the Society.
“Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold” miniseries gets rave reviews
The miniseries Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold aired in late July on British BBC4 to rave reviews.
CSA member John Moeller publishes book
CSA member John Moeller, a cryogenic engineering consultant and owner, Trinity Technology, has published his personal account of the early days of the US space program, "From Malabar to the Moon," a hardcover book.
Phillip L. Korodi has joined Eden Cryogenics as Senior Designer
Phillip L. Korodi has joined Eden Cryogenics as Senior Designer. He has had an extensive career in the cryogenic industry. At Eden he will be responsible for vacuum insulated piping design and development over a variety of applications, including turnkey cryogenic systems.
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Two-Phase Flows
Two-phase flows are those flows in which there is a mixture of two physical states (solid, liquid or vapor). In cryogenic applications, such flows are almost always a mixture of a cryogenic liquid along with its corresponding vapor. A mixture of liquid helium and helium vapor would be a typical...
Supercritical Fluids
A supercritical fluid is defined as a substance whose temperature and pressure exceed those of its critical point. Every pure substance has a critical point that is defined in thermodynamic space by a critical temperature and a corresponding critical pressure. For example, the critical point for helium has a critical...
Brayton Cycle
The Brayton cycle is one of the many thermodynamic cycles used to generate cooling at cryogenic temperatures. Strictly speaking, when referring to cooling we should call this the reverse Brayton cycle as the original Brayton cycle describes the process of power generation or propulsion via a gas turbine. In many...
Air Separation and Liquefaction
by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...
Bose-Einstein Condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...
Cold Technology for Pest Control
While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...
Cryogenic Finishing
The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...
An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank
Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...
Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks
When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...
Separated layers of ice over a pipe
I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?