Cold Facts Digital – Page 63 – The go-to place for Cryogenics and Superconductivity

How much heat energy does LN2 contain per lb.?

I would like to know how much heat energy liquid nitrogen contains per lb. In other words, per lb. of liquid, how many BTUs of heat would N2 absorb in the process of coming up to about 60F? I want to capture the cold energy of nitrogen as it vaporizes...

Software for thermophysical properties of helium down to 1K

What are the options when it comes to software for thermophysical properties of helium at temperatures down to 1K? I know Hepak – is it still the most commonly used package?

Refilling process of a helium cryogenic plant

I’m trying to collect some information about the refilling process of a helium cryogenic plant. Due to the physiologic losses I expect to have to foreseen a periodic refilling of helium. Our plant will be characterized by a refrigerator/liquefactor. A control cryostat with 4.5 K LHe coming from the liquefactor...

What's the best gas to use for pulse GMAW?

I have a 78″ ID vessel, 3/8″ thick shells, ½” heads, from SA-240-304L, which will have an ASME U-Stamp and I am planning on sub-arcing the seams and using pulse GMAW (ER308L for both) for the nozzles. I am comfortable with the SAW, but I am wondering about the best...

Manufacturer of liquid pump for use at 170 K

We’re in need of a liquid pump for use at 170 K in our refrigerator to pump Paratherm cryogenic heat transfer fluid. Can anyone suggest a manufacturer? Our flow rate is 16 liters/minute, and a head of 10 m. The specific gravity of the fluid is 0.85 and the viscosity...

Question about configuration of an 80 K helium circuit

I have a question about a possible configuration of an 80 K helium circuit from our cryogenic plant. A helium flow at 80 K and 18 bar is needed at the customer’s inlet. In order to decouple the refrigerator from the customer, I thought to propose the following solution: –...

Latest in Defining Cryogenics

Stability

Stability refers to the ability of a device employing superconductors to remain in its superconducting state after part of the superconductor transitions back to its normal conducting state due to a disturbance. While the concept can apply to many superconducting devices—transmission lines, generators, motors, etc.—it is most commonly considered in...

Cable-in-Conduit Conductors

Cable-in-Conduit Conductors (CICC) are a common form of superconducting cable used in large-scale applications. There are several varieties of CICCs, but they all consist of many small, stabilized superconducting wires contained within a conduit through which a coolant (typically supercritical He II) flows. Figure 1 shows the cross section of...

Bayonet Coupling

A bayonet coupling is a demountable joint that allows for quick and easy connection and disconnection of cryogenic components, including transfer lines, cryostats, liquefiers and refrigerators. Bayonets provide a number of advantages, chief among them the ability to connect and disconnect the bayonets while components they connect are still at...

Latest in Cryo Central

Food Processing

Cryogenics and Food The industrial gas industry provides a host of products and services related to food. The various gases have useful and sometimes fascinating applications in food industry. “The food industry is not a homogenous industry. The needs of customers processing hamburger vs. poultry vs. strawberries vs. seafood, for...

Primary Standards

Elie K. Track Hypres, Inc. elie@hypres.com http://www.hypres.com/ Primary standards involve the exact definition and realization of units of measurement for various quantities, time, length, mass, voltage, resistance, current, etc. International agreements based on the latest scientific knowledge define those units, and their realizations vary depending on the unit itself. For...

Shrink Fitting

Robin A. Rhodes Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Shrink fitting, (or “compression fitting” as it is sometimes called), is a method used to insert a pin or bushing into a housing or other assembly requiring an extremely tight tolerance fit. It can be used as an alternative to...

Telecommunications

From the Winter 2004 issue of Cold Facts magazine The recent M-Calc IV — 4th Industry Assessment workshop discussing military and commercial applications for low-cost cryocoolers, held in November in San Diego, highlighted progress being made in cryogenics as applied in telecommunications. The reliability and long lifetime of projects now...

Latest in Ask the Experts

An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank

Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...

Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks

When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...

Separated layers of ice over a pipe

I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?

Using nitrogen as a cryogen

Is it possible to achieve -200˚C using nitrogen as a cryogen?

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