Success after a Three-year Sprint
ProtoDUNE scientists rushed to develop the project’s first large prototype detector, resulting in an amazing display of the technology being created for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment.
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UCSD Students Prepared to Launch Vulcan II
A team of engineering students from UC San Diego has developed a test rocket that features a 3D printed engine that incorporates liquid oxygen and kerosene RP-1. The updated rocket is called Vulcan II, and represents a vessel the students will attempt to launch roughly six miles into the atmosphere...
Fermilab Using ArgoNeuT Data to Advance Future Measurement of Neutrinos in Liquid Argon
Scientists at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (CSA CSM) have continued to analyze data from the retired ArgoNeuT neutrino detector, developing processes to improve future simulations and software that finds particles in liquid-argon based neutrino detectors.
Cryoforce Spectroscopy Reveals DNA Mechanical Properties
Physicists from the University of Basel have developed a low temperature method to examine the elasticity and binding properties of DNA molecules. The process utilized cryoforce spectroscopy and computer simulations, a combination that revealed DNA molecules behaving like a chain of small coil springs.
CAL Performing Coolest Experiments in the Universe
NASA's Cold Atom Lab (CAL) is the first facility inside the International Space Station to produce clouds of "ultracold" atoms that can reach a fraction of a degree above absolute zero.
New Theory Sends Kelvin Temperature Below Current Low
A recent collaboration of researchers has shown that it is possible, in principle, to measure temperatures below a billionth of a kelvin without significantly disturbing the Bose-Einstein condensate used in the study.
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Helium-3
Helium-3 (3He) is one of the two stable isotopes of helium. The other is the much more common Helium-4 (4He). Neither of these isotopes should be confused with He II, which is the second liquid phase of 4He. He II was discussed in this column in the Spring 2010 edition...
Cryopumping
Cryopumping refers to the use of cryogenic temperatures to produce vacuum in enclosed spaces. More broadly, it can also refer to the removal of gases via cryogenic temperatures from a flow stream or enclosure without necessarily resulting in vacuum pressures. This is an important application of cryogenics and is used...
Thermal Acoustic Oscillations
Thermal Acoustic Oscillations (TAO) are a common event in cryogenic systems that can have significant adverse effects on the performance of the system. TAOs are sustained pressure oscillations that can occur in tubes containing gas, closed at one end (the warm end) that have a very large temperature gradient along...
Air Separation and Liquefaction
by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...
Bose-Einstein Condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...
Cold Technology for Pest Control
While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...
Cryogenic Finishing
The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...
Where can the cryogenic insulator trade be studied?
I have been searching for information regarding the training of cryogenic insulators and have not been able to find any information in North America.
Material Selection and Testing For the Magnet Wire
I am looking for some help in material selection for the magnet wire (CDA101 oxygen-free copper, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, others?) and insulation materials. Also, what testing is required to establish the RRR for any particular wire?
Density and/or elasticity at temps from 170 K down to 70 K
I have been searching [unsuccessfully] for data on both the elasticity and density figures for 316 st/steel at low temperatures.
Aluminum-stainless steel transitions
I am looking for a Al-SS transition pieces that will allow welding between aluminum and stainless steel tubes. Do you know a supplier of these transitions?