CSA Certifies Newly Elected Officers, Directors
CSA board certified results of its 2018 election at the meeting held during the Applied Superconductivity Conference in Seattle.
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Physicists Uncover State of Matter in Superconducting Material
A team from Ames Laboratory and the University of Alabama Birmingham has discovered a remarkable new state of matter within an iron pnictide superconductor, revealing a laser-induced formation of collective behaviors that compete with superconductivity around 16 K.
SpaceX Launch System Redesigned, Ready for Testing
SpaceX indicates that a test vehicle for the company’s next-generation launch system could be ready for testing early in 2019. The test hopper will be powered by three of the company’s methane/liquid oxygen engines, units that were "radically redesigned" according to chief executive Elon Musk.
US Cryogenics Lab Critical for Pacific Operations
A US military base in Okinawa includes the only cryogenic facility for the US Air Force in Japan, producing and supplying the oxygen and nitrogen necessary to keep US aircraft in the sky. The unit, however, is also known for saving local lives and making ice cream.
Science Publication Recommends the Physics Books of 2018
Symmetry writer Mike Perricone presented readers with his annual compilation of popular science books related to particle physics and astrophysics. The list includes more than ten suggestions, including "Particle Physics Brick by Brick: Atomic and Subatomic Physics Explained...in LEGO," by Dr. Ben Still.
Linde Opens New Hydrogen Station in Germany
The Linde Group (CSA CSM) has opened another hydrogen station in Hanover, Germany. The company is using the next generation of its proprietary cryogenic pump, converting stored liquid hydrogen into a gaseous state compressed to 900 bar. There are currently 55 hydrogen filling stations in Germany, and 100 stations scheduled...
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Mixed Refrigerant Cycles
Most cryogenic refrigeration systems, both large scale systems and cryocoolers, use helium as a working fluid. There are a number of advantages to helium, not the least of which is that helium remains a fluid down to the lowest achievable temperatures. In order to freeze helium, pressures of over 20...
Fountain Pumps and He II Phase Separators
Helium II (He II), the second liquid phase of the 4He isotope described in this column in Cold Facts Spring 2010 (http://2csa.us/he2), can be modeled as consisting of two interpenetrating fluids. One, the superfluid component, has zero viscosity and entropy and the other, the normal fluid component, has nonzero viscosity...
Turboexpanders
A vital technology in the refrigerators and liquefiers described in Cold Facts Volume 31 Number 3 is that of turboexpanders. These devices are rotating machines in which the process fluid (e.g., helium) does work against the turboexpander while moving from high pressure to a lower pressure and thus is cooled....
Air Separation and Liquefaction
by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...
Bose-Einstein Condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...
Cold Technology for Pest Control
While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...
Cryogenic Finishing
The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...
Looking for the thermal conductivity of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) between 1.9 and 10K
I am looking for the thermal conductivity of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) between 1.9 and 10K (or even up to higher temperatures). The best would be to have these data for the HDPE material which sold by the CERN shop, which has a density of 0.95 g/cm3. Pier Paolo...
What is "Alpha" cryogenic processing?
Can somebody please tell me what the “Alpha Cryogenic Process” is? How is it different from ordinary cryogenic processing? Bernd Ahne, HiFi-Tuning
Do Stirling coolers have any relation to Stirling engines?
I was just wondering, do Stirling coolers have any relation to Stirling engines?
What type of MLI should be used in LOX (VJ) lines and flex hoses?
I work for ASRC Aerospace at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). We support NASA in ground support equipment (GSE) design. I have a question concerning the type of multilayer insulation (MLI) to use in LOX vacuum Jacketed (VJ) lines and flex hoses.