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Figure 1: An artist's rendering of the COSI satellite. Credit: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation

Goddard Goings

An insight into past, present and future cryogenic missions where the Cryogenics and Fluids Branch at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center had or has a significant role. by Mark Kimball, Ph.D., Cryogenics and Fluids Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Readers of this column may recall last year’s recounting of...

The LOXSAT payload undergoes environmental control testing at the Kennedy Space Center’s EMI Lab in November 2024. Credit: Eta Space

Eta Space Progresses Cryogenic Fluid Management Technology in Space, Energy and Beyond

by Leah Sudhir, Eta Space Eta Space is at the forefront of cryogenic fluid management (CFM) technology for the aerospace industry, continuously pushing the boundaries of innovation and expanding its customer base. Founded by Dr. William “Bill” Notardonato, who brings over 30 years of experience from NASA, the company has...

A line-up of product family members, showing the different chassis sizes, as well as illustrating the modular integration of multiple cooling stages for ultralow temperature applications. Credit: Danaher Cryogenics

Danaher’s Acquisition of ADR Cryostat Line Pioneers the Future of Cryogenic Technology

by Charlie Danaher, Danaher Cryogenics, President In December, Danaher Cryogenics marked a significant milestone by completing the acquisition of the adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) Cryostat product line from FormFactor. Originally developed by FormFactor’s subsidiary, High Precision Devices (HPD), the ADR product line has garnered a strong reputation among researchers and...

These images show the various stages of the assembly of the flat bottom tank LNG. Credit: Cryospain

Cryospain’s Flat-Bottom Tank Project in Morocco is a Step Forward for LNG

by Cryospain Communications Team As the global energy sector shifts toward more sustainable sources, liquefied natural gas (LNG) has emerged as a key transitional fuel. Its cleaner-burning profile, abundant supply and versatility position it as a bridge between fossil fuels and renewables. In this evolving landscape, Cryospain, a leader in...

Schematic Diagram of the Research. Credit: Jiayi Chen, Dandan Guan and Jin-Feng Jia from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.

Magnetic Chains on Superconductors: New Heterostructure Design Advances Quantum Technology

Magnetic-superconducting hybrid systems are essential for realizing topological superconductivity—a quantum state capable of hosting elusive Majorana modes with promising applications in fault-tolerant quantum computing. Despite their potential, engineering stable and controllable interfaces between magnetic and superconducting materials remains a significant challenge, often hindered by lattice mismatches, interfacial complexities, and disorder....

Southern Pines Cryogenics, LLC is backed by a fleet of late model Peterbilt trucks and bulk cryogenic trailers.

Southern Pines Cryogenics Emerges as Preferred Carrier for Cryogenic Transportation

Southern Pines Cryogenics, LLC, an asset-based carrier providing bulk cryogenic transportation solutions for the industrial gas industry, has officially launched as an independent company. Previously a division of Southern Pines Trucking, Inc. since 2002, Southern Pines Cryogenics now operates as its own entity, continuing to safely transport essential cryogenic gases...

Latest in Defining Cryogenics

Joule-Thomson Effect

The Joule-Thomson (JT) effect is a thermodynamic process that occurs when a fluid expands from high pressure to low pressure at constant enthalpy (an isenthalpic process). Such a process can be approximated in the real world by expanding a fluid from high pressure to low pressure across a valve. Under...

Current Leads

One of the challenges of using superconducting magnets is the connection of the magnet to a room temperature power supply. This is accomplished via current leads. The trick is that current leads should ideally have a low heat leak, since they connect room temperature to cryogenic temperature, while at the...

Multilayer Insulation

Multilayer insulation (also referred to as superinsulation) is a key component in the reduction of heat leak to cryogenic systems due to thermal radiation. MLI consists of a series of uncooled reflective surfaces placed in the vacuum space between two surfaces, one warmer than the other. Generally speaking, for ideal...

Latest in Cryo Central

Air Separation and Liquefaction

by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...

Bose-Einstein Condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...

Cold Technology for Pest Control

While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...

Cryogenic Finishing

The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...

Latest in Ask the Experts

Low temperature applications of titanium and alloys

For a technical presentation I would like to have some recommendations for low temperature applications of titanium and titanium alloys. Do you think you can help me?

Designing a liquid oxygen bath

I’m designing a Liquid Oxygen Bath to place composite coupons in the bath and soak 96 samples for intervals of 8 hours, 24 hours, 7 days, 21 days, 42 days, 62 days and 90 days.

School science projects involving cryogenics and metallurgy?

Can you recommend any school science projects that would involve cryogenics and metallurgy?

Metallic Salts Normally Used to Produce Ultra-Low Temperatures?

Regarding the method known as the Adiabatic Demagnetization of Paramagnetic Salts: What metallic salts are normally used to produce the ultra-low temperatures used for near-absolute-zero cryogenic research? Which salts are the most efficient? Which make the best cooling agents? And which are used most commonly by physicists? I am looking...

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