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Cold Facts Antarctica

Techno-Economics of Liquid Hydrogen Supply for Australian Antarctic Operations

Antarctic research productivity relies on consistent access to energy. Increased availability of cheaper and cleaner energy could enhance the research capacity at Antarctic stations and expand the frequency of research flights using aircraft such as the Basler BT-67 (a modified DC3) to map climate change impacts on glaciers. The Australian...

Meet the 2025 Young Professionals

Qian Bao, 37 What is your educational and professional background? I completed my undergraduate studies in Mechanical Engineering at Shanghai Jiaotong University, China. Following that, I earned my Master’s degree from Tohoku University in Japan, where my research focused on computational fluid dynamics simulations involving two-phase flow. Specifically, I worked...

Superconductivity Mystery: Scientists Challenge a 50-Year Theory of Electron Behavior

A recent study found that the Hubbard model failed to accurately predict the behavior of a simplified one-dimensional cuprate system. According to scientists at SLAC, this suggests the model is unlikely to fully account for high-temperature superconductivity in two-dimensional cuprates. Superconductivity—the ability of materials to conduct electricity without energy loss—holds...

IBM to Invest $150 Billion in U.S. Over Next Five Years to Aid Quantum Push

IBM has announced plans to invest $150 billion in the United States over the next five years, marking one of the most significant commitments by a major tech company to bolster American manufacturing and emerging technologies. A substantial portion of this investment, over $30 billion, will be directed specifically toward...

Quantum Computing’s Breakthrough Moment in Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals

The National Quantum Computing Centre (NQCC) has released its first Insights Paper, offering a powerful look at how quantum computing could reshape healthcare and pharmaceuticals. Developed through extensive engagement with industry leaders, researchers, and policymakers, the paper delivers clear, actionable insights for healthcare executives, pharmaceutical innovators, policymakers, and funders. The...

A New Chapter for Carbon Capture

As industries worldwide race toward decarbonization, reliable solutions that balance emissions goals with energy demands remain elusive. But a new partnership between Bloom Energy (NYSE: BE) and Chart Industries (NYSE: GTLS) signals a promising shift—one that could redefine how energy-intensive sectors like data centers and manufacturers approach carbon capture and...

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Dilution Refrigerators

Dilution refrigerators are a common technique for reaching temperatures below 1K, particularly where continuous cooling at these temperatures is required. Helium exists in two stable isotopes: 4He and 3He. Naturally occurring 3He is extremely rare, constituting less than 1 part per million of helium gas. However, 3He can be manufactured,...

Oxygen Deficiency Hazards

Oxygen Deficiency Hazards (ODH) are a significant safety issue in cryogenic facilities. ODH occurs when inert gases such as nitrogen, helium or argon displace room air and thus lower the percentage of oxygen in the space below that required for human life. OSHA defines an area as oxygen deficient if...

Kelvin Temperature Scale

The Kelvin temperature scale is the principal temperature scale used in cryogenics and science. The kelvin is also one of the seven base units in the Système International d’Unités (SI) and is the unit of thermodynamic temperature. Thermodynamic temperature is a fundamental physical quantity (like mass, length or electrical current)...

Air Separation and Liquefaction

by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...

Bose-Einstein Condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...

Cold Technology for Pest Control

While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...

Cryogenic Finishing

The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...