Cold Facts Digital – The go-to place for Cryogenics and Superconductivity

BICEP2 and the Outer Edge of the Universe

The first BICEP (Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization), BICEP1, observed with 49 spider-web bolometers for three years. BICEP2 carried 256 dual polarization transition-edge superconducting detectors of greatly increased sensitivity, and also observed for three years. Dr. Peter Mason reports here on the results of these two instruments and their...

CERN Launches Study of Future Circular Colliders Beyond the LHC

Dr. Philippe Lebrun and Dr. Laurent Tavian of CERN report on an upcoming study of Future Circular Colliders kicked off in February at the University of Geneva.

The Emerging Science of Deep Cryogenic Treatment

Rozalia Papp, Air Liquide, discusses the history, development, available research, uses and possible applications of Deep Cryogenic Treatment and looks at future prospects from its use.

CSA Members Share Memories of Challenges, Influences in Cryogenics and Superconductivity

CSA recently solicited input from our members and readers about their experiences working in cryogenics and superconductivity. Here are their answers to our survey questions.

He II: From the Lab to an Engineering Fluid

Dr. John Weisend II traces the evolution of He II as a cryogenic coolant, discussing both its applications and the research and development activities required to apply He II to large-scale systems.

History of the CSA Website

In 1991, the World Wide Web came into being at CERN, with other scientific laboratories around the world following close behind. In early 1995, Joel Fuerst undertook the development of a website for CSA.

Latest in Defining Cryogenics

Dewar

A dewar is a type of cryostat named after Sir James Dewar, the researcher who first developed the concept of a vacuum insulated container with silvered walls to reflect thermal radiation. Dewar was the first to liquefy hydrogen, and he created the device to store his discovery. The thermos bottle...

Stirling and Gifford-McMahon Cryocoolers

Stirling and Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocoolers are two of the most commonly used cryocoolers in cryogenics. Both devices have a significant industrial base and operate at a wide range of temperatures and capacities. The thermodynamic cycles for both of these cryocoolers are quite similar. The Stirling cycle consists of a compressor,...

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

A significant commercial application of cryogenics is the liquefaction, transport and storage of natural gas. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is generally 95 percent methane with a few percent ethane and much lower concentrations of propane and butane. LNG liquefies at 111.6 K. Unlike many applications of cryogenics, the motivation for...

Latest in Cryo Central

History of Cryogenics

From the Fall 1999 issue of Cold Facts magazine Millennium Breakthroughs A variety of CSA members give different perspectives on the past millennium: What were the most significant breakthroughs in cryogenics during the past millennium? Prof. R.G. Scurlock, Kryos Technology, scurlock@soton.ac.uk (“Breakthrough” = way through obstacles — Oxford English Dictionary)...

Cryobiology

Andreas Sputtek Past President Society for Cryobiology sputtek@uke.uni-hamburg.de or http://www.sputtek.de/. The word cryobiology (from the Greek words “cryo” = cold, “bios” = life, and “logos” = science) literally signifies the science of life at low temperatures. In practice, this field comprises the study of any biological material or system (e.g.,...

Cryogenic Insulation

James E. Fesmire Cryogenics Test Laboratory NASA Kennedy Space Center james.e.fesmire@nasa.gov Introduction In today’s world, the use of cryogenics and low-temperature refrigeration is taking a more and more significant role. From the food industry, transportation, energy, and medical applications to the Space Shuttle, cryogenic liquids must be stored, handled, and...

Cryogenic Treatment of Materials

F.J. Diekman Controlled Thermal Processing, Inc. info@metal-wear.com Cryogenic Processing (also called cryogenic treatment, and incorrectly “cryogenic tempering”) is a process that uses cryogenic temperatures to modify materials to enhance their performance. Cryogenic Processing involves the slow reduction in temperature of the material to at least -300°F (-185°C) and holding the...

Latest in Ask the Experts

Cryogenic processing for medical equipment, mining industry

Greetings from Australia. I am looking for a company that I might contact that has any experience or has done any research into cryogenic processing for medical equipment, in particular, joint prosthesis.

CATEGORIES