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“Cryogenics for LHC” by Dr. Philippe Lebrun now available

A presentation by Dr. Philippe Lebrun, CERN, entitled, "Cryogenics for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC): from construction and operation to future upgrades," is now available on the CSA site. The presentation accompanied Dr. Lebrun's plenary talk at the recent Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC/ICMC) held in Anchorage, Alaska.

LHC cryogenics system: The challenge of keeping cool

The LHC is one of the coldest places on Earth, with superconducting magnets—the key defining feature—that operate at 1.9K. While there might be colder places in other laboratories, none compares to the LHC's scale and complexity.

IU physicist receives lifetime achievement award for particle accelerator work

The US Particle Accelerator School will present S.Y. Lee with its USPAS Prize for Lifetime Achievement in Accelerator Physics and Technology. Lee, professor in the Department of Physics at Indiana University Bloomington, will receive the award at the 2013 North American Particle Accelerator Conference held Sept. 29 to Oct. 4...

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Cold Compressors

A common way to provide cooling below the normal boiling point of helium (4.2K) is to reduce the pressure above the bath of liquid helium, thus also reducing the bath’s equilibrium saturation temperature. For example, to produce a 1.8K bath of liquid helium, the saturation pressure has to be reduced...

Kapitza Conductance

Kapitza conductance refers to the heat transfer between a solid surface and a fluid that covers that surface. Fundamentally, it describes the inherent difficulty in transferring energy from a solid to the fluid covering the solid surface. This phenomenon was first observed by P. L. Kapitza in 1941 while studying...

Thermosyphons

A thermosyphon (or thermosiphon) is a device that transfers heat via natural convection in a fluid. The natural convection is driven by gravity with the colder, denser fluid flowing downhill and the warmer, less dense fluid flowing back up. Thus, thermosyphons connect an object to be cooled with a reservoir...

Air Separation and Liquefaction

by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...

Bose-Einstein Condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...

Cold Technology for Pest Control

While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...

Cryogenic Finishing

The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...

Approximating pressure changes over time in cryogenic cylinders

I am an Air Resources Engineer with the California Air Resources Board (CARB). My senior management has asked me to investigate approximating pressure changes over time in cryogenic cylinders that contain LNG. So far, I have taken a stab at the problem, seeking to take a back-of-the-envelope approach (as directed...