Peter Kittel’s “Intro to Pulse Tube Thermodynamics” featured in Cold Facts
The first part of Dr. Peter Kittel's "Introduction to Pulse Tube Thermodynamics" was featured in the Fall 2012 issue of Cold Facts, which will be available for download soon.
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Dr. Joel Ullom receives CSA’s Roger W. Boom Award
Dr. Joel Ullom, 2012 CSA Roger W. Boom awardee, is the NIST Project Leader for superconducting calorimeter development and has worked in the fields of low temperature sensors, low temperature electronics and cryogenic systems since 1994.
Chemical synthesis achieves superconductivity at 44K
Physicists describe how they have synthesized a new material that belongs to the iron-selenide class of superconductors, called LixFe2Se2(NH3)y, in a paper about to be published in EPJ B. The work was carried out by Ernst-Wilhelm Scheidt from the University of Augsburg and colleagues.
CSA announces 2012 election results
CSA recently announced the results of the 2012 Board of Technical Directors election. The results were certified at CSA's board meeting at the Applied Superconductivity Conference in Portland OR.
NASA worker not fired over intelligent design, judge says
A California judge has tentatively ruled that a worker fired from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory did not lose his job over his intelligent design beliefs.
Air Products licenses cryogenic machining technology to MAG IAS
Air Products has licensed its proprietary cryogenic machining technology to MAG IAS, LLC, a leading machine tool manufacturer.
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Refrigerators and Liquefiers
Two of the most common terms used in cryogenics are “refrigerator” and “liquefier.” These terms describe similar and, as will be seen, in some cases identical components. A refrigerator provides cooling (that is, absorbs heat) at cryogenic temperatures. Refrigerators typically put a working fluid (such as helium) through one of...
Air Separation
Air separation is one of the largest, as well as earliest, industrial applications of cryogenics. In this process, cryogenic temperatures are used to separate air into its constituent gases: nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.95%), argon (0.93%) and carbon dioxide (0.3%). Trace gases such as krypton, neon, xenon and helium total far...
Coefficient of Performance and Figure of Merit
The coefficient of performance (COP) is used to describe the effectiveness of refrigerators, including those operating at cryogenic temperatures. The COP is defined as the amount of heat removed at the cryogenic operating temperature of the refrigerator divided by the amount of work that must be applied to remove the...
Air Separation and Liquefaction
by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...
Bose-Einstein Condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...
Cold Technology for Pest Control
While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...
Cryogenic Finishing
The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...
Manufacturers of cryogenic regenerator lead spheres?
Would you please suggest a few manufacturers that produce cryogenic regenerator lead spheres? The size we need is 0.15mm-0.2mm. I don’t have a lot of ideas for where to go to purchase them.
Assistance with resolving a sealing problem?
We are fabricating piping components for refrigeration service. These components must be leak checked at 15 bar (218 psig). We are using a gas test media that is 25% helium and experiencing difficulty on maintaining a seal on the flanged connections. Do you know anyone or any references that could...
Cryogenic data on leather and nomex
Could anyone please help me out with the following cryogenics data: Leather — mechanical properties at 77 K or lower Nomex — thermal conductivity @ 4 to 50 K I lost the data I had some time ago and although this should be easily accessible, I can’t find any reference...
Thermal expansion data for quartz at cryogenic temperatures (20 – 300 K).
I am looking for thermal expansion data for quartz at cryogenic temperatures (20 – 300 K). Does anyone have any such data?