John Bardeen (1908-1991) honored on US Postage Stamp
The US Postal Service has announced that theoretical physicist John Bardeen (1908-1991) is among four scientists chosen to be honored when new American Scientist stamps are issued in April.
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Dr. Alex P. Malozemoff named an IEEE Fellow
Dr. Alex P. Malozemoff, Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer at American Superconductor Corporation recently became an IEEE Fellow for leadership in the development of vortex dynamics of high temperature superconductors.
Chart Ferox promotes Hans Lonsain
Chart has promoted Hans Lonsain to Chairman and Managing Director of Chart Ferox, Chart's European Distribution and Storage business. Lonsain was previously responsible for sales and marketing for Chart Ferox in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
Spagnoletti appointed VP-North American Sales at Chart
Amato Spagnoletti has been appointed Vice President-North American Sales at Chart Industries, Inc., a CSA Corporate Sustaining Member. Spagnoletti joined Chart in 1998 and was most recently the Director of Sales, Engineered Systems.
Eden hires Allan G. Hanson as Senior Engineer
CSA Corporate Sustaining Member Eden Cryogenics, LLC recently hired Allan G. Hanson as Senior Engineer.
Edward Haberern hired as Key Account Manager at ACME
Edward Haberern has been hired as Key Account Manager at ACME Cryogenics, Inc.
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Dilution Refrigerators
Dilution refrigerators are a common technique for reaching temperatures below 1K, particularly where continuous cooling at these temperatures is required. Helium exists in two stable isotopes: 4He and 3He. Naturally occurring 3He is extremely rare, constituting less than 1 part per million of helium gas. However, 3He can be manufactured,...
Oxygen Deficiency Hazards
Oxygen Deficiency Hazards (ODH) are a significant safety issue in cryogenic facilities. ODH occurs when inert gases such as nitrogen, helium or argon displace room air and thus lower the percentage of oxygen in the space below that required for human life. OSHA defines an area as oxygen deficient if...
Kelvin Temperature Scale
The Kelvin temperature scale is the principal temperature scale used in cryogenics and science. The kelvin is also one of the seven base units in the Système International d’Unités (SI) and is the unit of thermodynamic temperature. Thermodynamic temperature is a fundamental physical quantity (like mass, length or electrical current)...
Air Separation and Liquefaction
by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...
Bose-Einstein Condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...
Cold Technology for Pest Control
While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...
Cryogenic Finishing
The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...
Refrigeration capacity at 4.5 K for higher temp cryo systems
I would like to know how to calculate the equivalent refrigeration capacity at 4.5 K of a cryogenic system operating at higher temperature.
Need help with calculating flow rate
I have to maintain a certain mass (some tons) at 100 K by circulating in it GHe (through apposite channels). How can I calculate the flow rate needed? I suppose that the delta T (T inlet and T outlet) and the heat load on the mass are necessary. Knowing the...
What do cryogenics companies do about liability insurance?
What do cryogenics companies do about liability insurance? Is there a special type for cryogenics?
License requirements for storage and transport of cryogenic materials
Are you aware of permitting or license requirements (other than local city or town) needed for the storage or transportation of cryogenic materials?