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Nitrofreeze Cryogenic Solutions Dry Ice Blasts for Historic Restorations

By Ryan Taylor, Nitrofreeze Cryogenic Solutions Dry ice blasting is used in a wide range of historic restoration projects, including a recent one completed in Rockport, Mass., in July of this year. Nitrofreeze Cryogenic Solutions was contracted to dry ice blast barn board wood inside a fishing hut to lighten...

Zero-Loss Liquid Hydrogen Storage and Transfer Technology Transforms the Hydrogen Economy

By Greg Gosnell, CEO of GenH2 Corp. Hydrogen is essential to reducing carbon emissions and transitioning away from fossil fuels. Yet storage and transfer losses of up to 40% have limited its cost-effectiveness and slowed adoption. The key to unlocking hydrogen’s potential lies in Zero-Loss Controlled Storage Technology. By minimizing...

Excel Loading Systems Innovates Cryogenic Fluid Transfer

by Excel Loading Systems Communications Since its establishment in 2013, Excel Loading Systems has rapidly emerged as a leading manufacturer of advanced loading arm systems, particularly excelling in cryogenic applications. Specializing in the safe and efficient transfer of liquefied gases such as LNG, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen and hydrogen, Excel...

Beyond Gravity Powers Europe’s New Weather Satellites with Advanced Technology

by Christian Thalmayr, Senior Manager Global Communication, Beyond Gravity In mid-August, the first in a new generation of European polar-orbiting weather satellites will launch aboard an Ariane 6 rocket from the European Spaceport in Kourou, South America. The MetOp-Second Generation (MetOp-SG) satellite will gather vital data on humidity, temperature and...

Kyle Appel, shown here standing in front of a liquid hydrogen storage tank, helped to develop a mathematical model and recommendations to improve liquid hydrogen storage tank operations. (Photo by Matthew Shenton/WSU)

Study Points Way to More Efficient Liquid Hydrogen Tanks

by Tina Hilding, Voiland College of Engineering and Architecture, Washington State University Washington State University researchers have developed a mathematical model and a set of recommendations to improve liquid hydrogen storage tank operations that could someday make hydrogen a more viable alternative for powering vehicles and other industrial processes. The...

Toyota Reveals Liquid Hydrogen “GR LH2 Racing Concept” at 2025 24 Hours of Le Mans

Toyota Gazoo Racing has unveiled the liquid hydrogen-fuelled GR LH2 Racing Concept car, designed to drive the development of hydrogen technology in motorsport. The ACO H₂ Hydrogen Village was the setting chosen by Toyota Gazoo Racing to premiere the GR LH2 Racing Concept. In keeping with its principle of offering...

Latest in Defining Cryogenics

Mixed Refrigerant Cycles

Most cryogenic refrigeration systems, both large scale systems and cryocoolers, use helium as a working fluid. There are a number of advantages to helium, not the least of which is that helium remains a fluid down to the lowest achievable temperatures. In order to freeze helium, pressures of over 20...

Fountain Pumps and He II Phase Separators

Helium II (He II), the second liquid phase of the 4He isotope described in this column in Cold Facts Spring 2010 (http://2csa.us/he2), can be modeled as consisting of two interpenetrating fluids. One, the superfluid component, has zero viscosity and entropy and the other, the normal fluid component, has nonzero viscosity...

Turboexpanders

A vital technology in the refrigerators and liquefiers described in Cold Facts Volume 31 Number 3 is that of turboexpanders. These devices are rotating machines in which the process fluid (e.g., helium) does work against the turboexpander while moving from high pressure to a lower pressure and thus is cooled....

Latest in Cryo Central

Cryogenic Treatment of Materials

F.J. Diekman Controlled Thermal Processing, Inc. info@metal-wear.com Cryogenic Processing (also called cryogenic treatment, and incorrectly “cryogenic tempering”) is a process that uses cryogenic temperatures to modify materials to enhance their performance. Cryogenic Processing involves the slow reduction in temperature of the material to at least -300°F (-185°C) and holding the...

Cryogenics in Space

Peter Kittel University of California-Berkeley pkittel@cal.berkeley.edu Space Cryogenics is the application of cryogenics to space missions. These applications fall into two broad areas, supporting space science missions and supporting the space transportation infrastructure. Science applications: The atmosphere is opaque to much of the electro-magnetic spectrum. In space, the absence of...

Cryosurgery

Review of Cryosurgery Boris Rubinsky, PhD Hebrew University School of Science and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering 78b Ross Building Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904 Israel rubinsky@cs.huji.ac.il as published in Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, August 2000, Vol. 2, pp. 157-187. Abstract: Cryosurgery is a surgical technique that employs freezing...

Liquefied Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas as it relates to the Field of Cryogenics John W. Bonn VJ Systems, LLC johnbonn@vjsystems-lic.com Today the world is looking for a cleaner fuel and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plays a large part in achieving this goal. LNG in a liquid form is at -162°C (-259°F) and...

Latest in Ask the Experts

An Issue of Pressure and Flow Rate in a Supply Tank

Please help solve this problem: A supply tank requires a vaporizer to generate sufficient pressure to pump stored fluid up into a vehicle or tank. The available head is limited as the tank level falls and it is important to minimize the system pressure drop to maintain the desired flow...

Using MLI on VJ Line Joints or Cryo Storage Tanks

When installing Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets on VJ line joints or cryo storage tanks should they be wrapped and tied down tight or loose? These are usually pre-cut to size. Also should they have an access hole at the point of where the molecular sieve is installed to help...

Separated layers of ice over a pipe

I want to know that why there are different layers of ice over a pipe carrying a cryogenic fluid, each layer separated with clear marks / lines? What do these layers signify?

Using nitrogen as a cryogen

Is it possible to achieve -200˚C using nitrogen as a cryogen?

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