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Standards for cryogenic valves
Do you know where I can get some documents of testing specification or US standards for cryogenic valves (DN 250)? Or could you give me some suggestion for that?
Recent material and fabrication developments in low-temperature regeneration
In the area of low-temperature regeneration, what are some recent material and fabrication developments?
Vendors for cryopreserved rat arteries
My department is starting up a microsurgery training lab as an adjunct to our resident curriculum. Instead of using live rats, we want to pursue the option of using cryopreserved rat arteries. I have been unsuccessful in finding animal/rodent vendors who deal in this. I basically found a lot of...
Source for pressure switch
Where can I find a pressure switch operating in the range 0.2 to 0.4 psi which is not affected by magnetic fields up to about 1000 Gauss?
Cryostat for storing fish samples at -20 degrees C
We are a small Food Chemistry Laboratory functioning within the Seychelles Bureau of Standards. We wish to purchase a cryostat for the purpose of storing fish samples at *-20ºC* prior to the analysis of Histamine in the tissue of Tuna by HPLC.
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Refrigerators and Liquefiers
Two of the most common terms used in cryogenics are “refrigerator” and “liquefier.” These terms describe similar and, as will be seen, in some cases identical components. A refrigerator provides cooling (that is, absorbs heat) at cryogenic temperatures. Refrigerators typically put a working fluid (such as helium) through one of...
Air Separation
Air separation is one of the largest, as well as earliest, industrial applications of cryogenics. In this process, cryogenic temperatures are used to separate air into its constituent gases: nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.95%), argon (0.93%) and carbon dioxide (0.3%). Trace gases such as krypton, neon, xenon and helium total far...
Coefficient of Performance and Figure of Merit
The coefficient of performance (COP) is used to describe the effectiveness of refrigerators, including those operating at cryogenic temperatures. The COP is defined as the amount of heat removed at the cryogenic operating temperature of the refrigerator divided by the amount of work that must be applied to remove the...
Air Separation and Liquefaction
by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...
Bose-Einstein Condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...
Cold Technology for Pest Control
While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...
Cryogenic Finishing
The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...
Information on how the emissivity of the panel changes with air fouling?
I work at a facility with a large thermal vacuum chamber. We are using both nitrogen and helium shrouds.
In search of a calculation for designing a cryostat
I am a final year physics student at the University of Birmingham, and as part of a group I am currently designing a cryostat. One of the calculations I need to make (very soon!) is how much heat will be conducted down the walls. All information I have found so...
Safety of ethylene glycol and pressurized oxygen
We are reviewing the product design of liquid filled differential level gauges and want to insure that they meet the industry requirements. The former license owner had authorized that a fill fluid of ethylene glycol (68%) and distilled water (32%) could be used for oxygen service up to 500 psi....
Heat flux in case of vacuum loss on cryogenic surfaces?
Is there anyone who has information about the heat flux in case of vacuum loss on cryogenic surfaces?