The Emerging Science of Deep Cryogenic Treatment
Rozalia Papp, Air Liquide, discusses the history, development, available research, uses and possible applications of Deep Cryogenic Treatment and looks at future prospects from its use.
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CSA Members Share Memories of Challenges, Influences in Cryogenics and Superconductivity
CSA recently solicited input from our members and readers about their experiences working in cryogenics and superconductivity. Here are their answers to our survey questions.
He II: From the Lab to an Engineering Fluid
Dr. John Weisend II traces the evolution of He II as a cryogenic coolant, discussing both its applications and the research and development activities required to apply He II to large-scale systems.
History of the CSA Website
In 1991, the World Wide Web came into being at CERN, with other scientific laboratories around the world following close behind. In early 1995, Joel Fuerst undertook the development of a website for CSA.
A Half Century of Cryogenics and CSA
"1964 seems just like yesterday to me, yet it was 50 years ago. The Cryogenic Society of America was born that year, and I was just beginning my professional career in cryogenics." Dr. Ray Radebaugh reviews some of the industry's and CSA's major advances from 1964 to the present.
CSA Awards and Recognitions over the Years
CSA's first award was named for Robert W. Vance, who was one of the guiding lights who was present at the founding and kept the society going through some rough times.
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Refrigerators and Liquefiers
Two of the most common terms used in cryogenics are “refrigerator” and “liquefier.” These terms describe similar and, as will be seen, in some cases identical components. A refrigerator provides cooling (that is, absorbs heat) at cryogenic temperatures. Refrigerators typically put a working fluid (such as helium) through one of...
Air Separation
Air separation is one of the largest, as well as earliest, industrial applications of cryogenics. In this process, cryogenic temperatures are used to separate air into its constituent gases: nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.95%), argon (0.93%) and carbon dioxide (0.3%). Trace gases such as krypton, neon, xenon and helium total far...
Coefficient of Performance and Figure of Merit
The coefficient of performance (COP) is used to describe the effectiveness of refrigerators, including those operating at cryogenic temperatures. The COP is defined as the amount of heat removed at the cryogenic operating temperature of the refrigerator divided by the amount of work that must be applied to remove the...
Air Separation and Liquefaction
by Nils Tellier, PE, President, EPSIM Corporation (CSA CSM) nils@epsim.us All illustrations courtesy EPSIM Corporation Background History of Air Separation and Liquefaction This section builds on a rich history of methods to develop deep refrigeration and cryogenic liquefaction during the 19th Century. You are encouraged to read Cryo Central’s History...
Bose-Einstein Condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate, first proposed in 1925 by Albert Einstein based on work done by Satyendra Nath Bose (the same Bose from whom the term boson is derived), is a super-cold state of matter in which almost all of the individual atoms have “condensed” down to the lowest possible quantum...
Cold Technology for Pest Control
While it does not reach temperatures cold enough to be called cryogenic, carbon dioxide snow is at the heart of a new way of dealing with unwanted pests. It utilizes a quick freezing process that takes advantage of the properties of carbon dioxide snow and has a number of benefits...
Cryogenic Finishing
The following 3 articles discuss the uses and procedures of various type of cryogenic finishing. 1) By Robin A. Rhodes, Cryogenic Institute of New England, Inc. rrhodes@nitrofreeze.com Cryogenic Deflashing is employed to remove undesired residual mold flash that remains on molded parts after they are removed or ejected from the...
Southern California companies doing cryogenic hardening of engine parts?
Do you have any information on where to find companies in Southern California that do cryogenic hardening of engine parts?