ICEC25/ICMC2014 Held at University of Twente, the Netherlands
The 25th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference took place July 7-11 at the University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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The 18th International Cryocooler Conference
The 18th International Cryocooler Conference was held June 9-12 in Syracuse NY at the beautiful Syracuse University campus. Conference Chairman Rich Dausman and Co-chairman Dr. Chao Wang, both of Cryomech, Inc., hosted 161 attendees, including 11 students and six retirees, representing 14 different countries.
The Future with Cryogenic Fluid Dynamics
The applications of cryogenic systems have expanded over the past 50 years into many areas of our lives. This article will discuss the likely impact of cryogenic fluid dynamics on future cryogenic systems, and hopefully inspire further research to support and expand the use of existing findings and to improve...
Discovery of Helium in Natural Gas: A Retrospective
A very interesting insight into the evolution of helium production and personal insights into the life and contributions of H. P. Cady was presented by his grandson, Dr. Ralph Cady Longsworth, retired from APD Cryogenics, in a paper entitled “100th anniversary of the discovery of helium in natural gas,” presented...
Young Faces: The Next Generation in Cryogenics, Part II
In our last issue, we debuted our third installment of Young Faces, featuring young professionals who are doing interesting things in cryogenics and superconductivity and who show promise of making a difference in their fields. Here is Part II of that story, with responses listed in order of receipt.
Superfluid Helium in Space
Many scientific observations must be done in space at cryogenic temperatures a few millidegrees to a few degrees above absolute zero (-273°C). These include observations of the behavior of superfluid helium in space and observations with instruments and millimeter-wave telescopes operating at liquid helium temperatures.
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Dewar
A dewar is a type of cryostat named after Sir James Dewar, the researcher who first developed the concept of a vacuum insulated container with silvered walls to reflect thermal radiation. Dewar was the first to liquefy hydrogen, and he created the device to store his discovery. The thermos bottle...
Stirling and Gifford-McMahon Cryocoolers
Stirling and Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocoolers are two of the most commonly used cryocoolers in cryogenics. Both devices have a significant industrial base and operate at a wide range of temperatures and capacities. The thermodynamic cycles for both of these cryocoolers are quite similar. The Stirling cycle consists of a compressor,...
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
A significant commercial application of cryogenics is the liquefaction, transport and storage of natural gas. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is generally 95 percent methane with a few percent ethane and much lower concentrations of propane and butane. LNG liquefies at 111.6 K. Unlike many applications of cryogenics, the motivation for...
History of Cryogenics
From the Fall 1999 issue of Cold Facts magazine Millennium Breakthroughs A variety of CSA members give different perspectives on the past millennium: What were the most significant breakthroughs in cryogenics during the past millennium? Prof. R.G. Scurlock, Kryos Technology, scurlock@soton.ac.uk (“Breakthrough” = way through obstacles — Oxford English Dictionary)...
Cryobiology
Andreas Sputtek Past President Society for Cryobiology sputtek@uke.uni-hamburg.de or http://www.sputtek.de/. The word cryobiology (from the Greek words “cryo” = cold, “bios” = life, and “logos” = science) literally signifies the science of life at low temperatures. In practice, this field comprises the study of any biological material or system (e.g.,...
Cryogenic Insulation
James E. Fesmire Cryogenics Test Laboratory NASA Kennedy Space Center james.e.fesmire@nasa.gov Introduction In today’s world, the use of cryogenics and low-temperature refrigeration is taking a more and more significant role. From the food industry, transportation, energy, and medical applications to the Space Shuttle, cryogenic liquids must be stored, handled, and...
Cryogenic Treatment of Materials
F.J. Diekman Controlled Thermal Processing, Inc. info@metal-wear.com Cryogenic Processing (also called cryogenic treatment, and incorrectly “cryogenic tempering”) is a process that uses cryogenic temperatures to modify materials to enhance their performance. Cryogenic Processing involves the slow reduction in temperature of the material to at least -300°F (-185°C) and holding the...
Where can the cryogenic insulator trade be studied?
I have been searching for information regarding the training of cryogenic insulators and have not been able to find any information in North America.
Material Selection and Testing For the Magnet Wire
I am looking for some help in material selection for the magnet wire (CDA101 oxygen-free copper, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, others?) and insulation materials. Also, what testing is required to establish the RRR for any particular wire?
Density and/or elasticity at temps from 170 K down to 70 K
I have been searching [unsuccessfully] for data on both the elasticity and density figures for 316 st/steel at low temperatures.
Aluminum-stainless steel transitions
I am looking for a Al-SS transition pieces that will allow welding between aluminum and stainless steel tubes. Do you know a supplier of these transitions?